Memorial to 22 Irish Hunger Strikers Deaths Glasnevin Cemetery
Background
Raymond Peter McCreesh, the seventh in a family of eight children, was born in St Malachy’s Park, Camlough, on 25 February 1957.[6] He was born into a strong Irish republican family, and was active in the republican movement from the age of 16. McCreesh attended the local primary school in Camlough, St Malachy’s, and later attended St Colman’s College in Newry.[6] Raymond first joined Fianna Éireann, the IRA’s youth wing, in 1973, and later that year he progressed to join the Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade.[6] McCreesh had worked for a short time as steelworker in a predominantly Protestant factory in Lisburn. However, as sectarian threats and violence escalated, he switched professions to work as a milk roundsman in his local area of South Armagh: an occupation which greatly increased his knowledge of the surrounding countryside, as well as enabling him to observe the movements of British Army patrols in the area.[6]
Arrest
On 25 June 1976, McCreesh (aged 19) and three other IRA volunteers attempted to ambush a British Army observation post (OP) in South Armagh.[6] It lay opposite the Mountain House Inn, on the Newry–Newtonhamilton Road.[6] As the armed, masked and uniformed IRA volunteers approached the OP, they were spotted by British paratroopers on a hillside. The paratroopers opened fire on the volunteers, who scattered. Two of them, McCreesh and Paddy Quinn, took cover in a nearby farmhouse. The paratroopers surrounded the house and fired a number of shots into the building.[6][7] After some time, McCreesh and Quinn surrendered and were taken to Bessbrook British Army base.[6] The third volunteer, Danny McGuinness, had taken cover in a disused quarry outhouse but was captured the next day.[6] The fourth member of the unit managed to escape despite being shot in the leg, arm and chest. Local Catholic priests facilitated their surrender.[6][8][9][10][11]
Imprisonment and hunger strike
On 2 March 1977, McCreesh and Quinn were sentenced to fourteen years in prison for the attempted murder of British soldiers, possession of a rifle and ammunition, and a further five years for IRA membership.[3][4] The rifle that McCreesh had in his possession when captured was one of those used in the Kingsmill massacre on 5 January 1976, when 10 Protestant civilians were shot dead.[12]
One of the soldiers who captured McCreesh, Lance Corporal David Jones, was later killed by Francis Hughes, who died during the same hunger strike.[6] Another Irish Republican Volunteer Patsy O’Hara died on the same day (21 May 1981) as McCreesh while on hunger strike in Maze Prison (Long Kesh).
Francis Hughes, born on 28 February 1956 in Bellaghy, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, was a prominent Provisional IRA volunteer and one of the most wanted men in the region Wikipedia. He joined the IRA in the 1970s, initially with the Official IRA before moving to the Provisional IRA’s South Derry Brigade in 1973. Hughes was known for his guerrilla tactics, often moving up to 20 miles in a single night and carrying multiple weapons Wikipedia.
He became a fugitive after a gun battle on 16 March 1978 in which an undercover British soldier was killed. Hughes was seriously wounded and captured shortly after. He was sentenced to a total of 83 years’ imprisonment in February 1980 An Phoblacht.
On 12 May 1981, Hughes died after 59 days on hunger strike in HM Prison Maze (Long Kesh) An Phoblacht+1. His death came just seven days after Bobby Sands, marking the second fatality in the 1981 hunger strike campaign. Hughes’ sisters Noreen, Maria, Vera, and brother Roger were by his bedside when he passed away An Phoblacht.
His republican colleagues and political leaders, including Sinn Féin’s Gerry Adams, hailed him as one of the bravest soldiers of the armed struggle, while British authorities described him as “an absolute fanatic” An Phoblacht+1. His death was met with public mourning in Catholic areas of Northern Ireland, with protests and vigils marking the loss BBC News.
Hughes’ legacy endures in Bellaghy, where commemorations and memorials honor his life and sacrifice, and in the broader republican movement, where he is remembered for his courage and commitment to the cause
The restored Georgian landmark in Dublin now houses Poetry Ireland and the Irish Heritage Trust, along with the Seamus Heaney Poetry Library.
IrishCentral Staff
May 07, 2026
Inside No. 11 Parnell Square in Dublin. Ste Murray
Ireland’s President, Catherine Connolly, has officially opened No. 11 Parnell Square in Dublin, unveiling a newly restored cultural home for poetry, heritage, and public engagement in the heart of the city. The Georgian building, long steeped in Irish history, has been transformed through a €5.5 million conservation and restoration program that aims to secure its future while honoring its past.
The reopening marks a major milestone for Poetry Ireland and the Irish Heritage Trust, which now share the building with the Irish Landmark Trust. Backed by State support, philanthropy, and careful conservation work led by McCullough Mulvin Architects, the project has brought new life to one of Dublin’s most storied addresses.
Among the most significant additions is the Seamus Heaney Poetry Library, which will house the late poet’s private collection from his study, generously bequeathed by his family to Poetry Ireland. It will also include the Austin Clarke Poetry Collection and a broader contemporary poetry library gathered over the past five decades, creating a space intended for reading, study, inspiration, and connection.
No. 11 Parnell Square in Dublin.
Speaking at the opening, President Connolly said, “It is an honour to officially open Number 11 Parnell Square as it becomes Ireland’s home for poetry and heritage.
As President of Ireland, I warmly welcome the new life which the Irish Heritage Trust and Poetry Ireland/Éigse Éireann will breathe into this beautifully restored Georgian building, one which already holds almost three centuries of history.
Arts and cultural organisations have so often in the past been marginalised and forced into peripheral and sometimes inaccessible spaces. I am particularly pleased that the newly restored building will over the decades to come be an inclusive space where local communities are welcomed, where stories are shared, and where our past and heritage are woven thoughtfully into the present and the future.”
The redevelopment was funded in large part through the Urban Regeneration and Development Fund under Project Ireland 2040, which contributed €3.9 million. An additional €1.55 million came from philanthropy and other sources. The work was completed within budget and included a full replacement of the roof, conservation of the Georgian façade, structural and safety upgrades, accessibility improvements, and energy efficiency measures that helped achieve an A3 Building Energy Rating.
James Browne TD, Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage, said the building sits at the center of Dublin’s Georgian core and described the project as a valuable addition to the city’s cultural and built heritage. “No. 11 Parnell Square East is at the heart of Dublin’s Georgian core, and I am proud that this redevelopment and refurbishment has been made possible through funding from my Department’s Urban Regeneration and Development Fund. This building’s conservation and the preservation of its architectural heritage represent a significant addition to the built and cultural heritage of this part of Dublin City. No 11 Parnell Square East has a storied past and through this renovation, it can now continue on with a renewed purpose. State support for this building through URDF funding is now also a part of its story, and I hope that No 11 Parnell Square East will serve as an exemplar to future projects under this scheme.”
Patrick O’Donovan TD, Minister for Culture, Communications and Sport, also welcomed the opening, calling the conservation of the building a meaningful investment in Ireland’s cultural infrastructure. He said the project would strengthen the cultural quarter around Parnell Square and praised the organizations behind it for their work on behalf of the public.
The Irish Heritage Trust said the restoration returns the property to the heart of Dublin’s north inner city and secures its long-term future. Its chair, Ger Aherne, said the organization was honored to serve as custodian of the building and thanked Fingal County Council for entrusting it with the site’s future.
For Poetry Ireland, the opening represents both a homecoming and a new beginning. John O’Donnell, chairperson of Poetry Ireland, said, “The opening of Ireland’s Home for Poetry and Heritage, No. 11 Parnell Square, marks a deeply significant moment for poetry in Ireland. This remarkable building, with its rich, layered past, is now transformed into a living, breathing home for poetry on this island. In partnership with the Irish Heritage Trust, we are proud to have shaped this space that brings poetry into the heart of civic life and will help us in our mission to connect poetry and people. With the establishment of The Seamus Heaney Poetry Library, we honour one of Ireland’s greatest poets, while creating a lasting resource for future generations of readers and writers.”
The building itself carries a layered past. Once leased by Richard Steele and later remodeled by John Butler MP, it became part of Dublin County Council’s civic history in the 20th century and was also the setting for James Joyce’s “Ivy Day in the Committee Room” in Dubliners. Its restored Council Chamber now holds archival maps and carefully conserved interiors, including parquet floors, ornate plasterwork, and period details that reflect the building’s changing life over more than 300 years.
Forty-five years sounds and seems like a lifetime ago. I suppose it was. In 1981, in West Belfast, I turned thirteen and was in my second year in secondary school (high school). A defining time in all our lives. I once read that the music you discover at that age stays with you. If that is true, then the 1981 Hunger Strike and its aftermath were the soundtrack to my teenage years. This week marks the forty-fifth anniversary of the death on Hunger Strike of Bobby Sands. I had attended the protests and the funerals. A black flag was hung outside our house, and posters in support of the prisoners were in our windows. This would be no surprise as Grandfather, Father and uncles had all been jailed for their Irish Republican beliefs. One uncle was still in jail and on the blanket protest. It was all very real, and urgent. I remember in later years asking my mother, herself a committed Irish Republican, how she managed with a husband who was an activist and two teenage sons. She confessed, “not very well.” That is why I am not nostalgic for those days. As you grow up and have a family, you reflect on the sacrifice of the Hunger Strikers who left behind wives and children, the weight carried by grieving mothers and fathers, and the lives they could have lived. But I do carry with great pride and awe those who faced down Margaret Thatcher and the British Government. Bobby Sands, brutalised, naked but for a blanket, denied sun and exercise for years, and yet would write that, “Our revenge will be the laughter of our children.” I am thankful for the opportunity to get to know and to work with those who led the prison protests—those who recognised that the opportunity to move from resistance to securing a united Ireland. So here we are, all of these years, a generation on from conflict, and desire for freedom and unity remains. A new generation is now driving our struggle. Thatcher is gone, her Tory party and her union lies in tatters. Unionism no longer enjoys a political majority in North of Ireland. Sinn Féin is now the largest political party across Ireland. The North of Ireland has irreversibly changed. In 1981, the Irish Government refused to support the Hunger Strikers and even allowed Kieran Doherty, who was elected as a member of their parliament, to die. Today, again, an Irish government led by Micheal Martin refuses to take the opportunity to do the right thing and promote the cause of Irish Unity. I remember with pride those days and I am thankful that we now have a peaceful and democratic pathway to Irish Unity. I greive that loss but understand that were we are today is a product of all that went before us. We have further to travel and work to do to grasp the opportunity to build a new and united Ireland, that echoes with the laughter of all our children. Have a great weekend. Is mise, Ciarán
Ciarán Quinn is the Sinn Féin Representative to North America
